THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS

1. THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS :

  

PROPERTIES :

• Geologically Young.
• Structurally fold mountains .
• Stretched over North Indian Borders .
• These mountains run in West to East direction from Indus to Brahmaputra.
• The himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world.
•  Himalayas form an arc of length about 2400 km. Their width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh. 
• Altitude Variation: Greater variation in the Eastern Half lesser variation in the Western Half.

THREE RANGES OF HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS: 

1. GREAT OR INNER HIMALAYA OR HIMADRI(7000 TO 8848 m) 
2. LESSER HIMALAYA OR HIMACHAL RANGE(3700 TO 4500 m)
3. OUTER MOST RANGE OR SHIVALIKS(900 TO 1100 m)

REGIONAL DIVISION OF HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS :

Besides the longitudinal divisions, regional division can be done on the basis of the regions from WEST TO EAST.
The regions can be demarcated by river valleys. these are those regions:

1. Punjab Himalayas or regionally Kashmir and Himachal himalaya(indus and satluj river) 
2. Kumaun Himalaya (satluj and Kali rivers )
3. Nepal Himalaya (Kali and Tista rivers )
4. Assam Himalaya (Tista and Dihang rivers)
5. Easternmost boundary of Himalaya (River Brahmaputra )
6. Purvanchal and Eastern Hills and Mountains: these are having the following hills 

• Patkai Hills 
• Naga Hills 
• Manipuri Hills 
• Mizo Hills 

HIGHEST PEAKS OF HIMALAYAS :

1. MT. EVEREST            (8848 m)-       Nepal
2. KARAKORAM/GODVIN AUSTIN(8598 m)-       India 
3. MAKALU                 (8481 m)-       NEPAL
4. DHAULAGIRI             (8172 m)-       NEPAL 
5. NANGA PARBAT           (8126 m)-       INDIA
6. ANNAPURNA              (8078m)-        NEPAL 
7. NANDA DEVI             (7817 m)-       INDIA 
8. KAMET                  (7756 m)-       INDIA 
9. NAMCHA BARWA           (7756 m)-       INDIA
10. GURLA MANDHATA         (7728 m)-       NEPAL

THERE ARE MANY IMPORTANT PASSES IN HIMALAYA AND THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY SEE HERE THE LIST OF PASSES

NOTE:

The longitudinal valleys lying between Lesser Himalaya and Shivaliks are knowns as DUNS. These are as follows:

1. Dehra Dun
2. Kotti Dun
3. Patli Dun

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